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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Art and engraving on United States banknotes ： ウィキペディア英語版 Art and engraving on United States banknotes In early 18th century Colonial America, engravers began experimenting with copper plates as an alternative medium to wood. Applied to the production of paper currency, copper-plate engraving allowed for greater detail and production during printing. It was the transition to steel engraving that enabled banknote design and printing to rapidly advance in the United States during the 19th century. ==Engraving and printing early American banknotes== The first issue of government-authorized paper currency in America was printed by the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1690.〔Newman, 2008, p. 9.〕 This first issue, dated 10 December 1690, was printed from an engraved copper plate with four subjects to a sheet.〔Newman, 2008, p. 184.〕 The first engraver identified in archival records was John Coney who appears to have been paid 30£ on 12 March 1703 to engrave three copper plates for the Massachusetts issue dated 21 November 1702.〔Newman, 2008, p. 186.〕 Given the many design similarities between the 1690 note and those engraved by Coney in 1702, there has been speculation that he may have engraved the earlier note. If true, he would be the first American to engrave on copper plates.〔Fielding, 1917, p. 10.〕 Several historical figures with a background in engraving and printing were involved in the production of early American currency. Benjamin Franklin began printing Province of Pennsylvania notes in 1729,〔Newman, 2008, p. 333.〕 took on a partner (David Hall) in 1749,〔Newman, 2008, p. 336.〕 and then left the currency printing business after the 1764 issue.〔Newman, 2008, p. 343.〕 Paul Revere both engraved and printed bank notes for the Province and then the state of Massachusetts between 1775 and 1779,〔Newman, 2008, pp. 206–14.〕 and the Province of New Hampshire in 1775.〔Newman, 2008, p. 239.〕 Revere's father, Apollos Rivoire, was John Coney's pupil. David Rittenhouse engraved some border designs for the 10 May 1775 Continental currency〔Newman, 2008, p. 62.〕 and 25 March 1776 Colony of New Jersey 6£ note.〔Newman, 2008, p. 261.〕 Francis Hopkinson does not appear to have done engraving, but he is credited with the designs for border-cuts, emblems, and mottos on three issues of Continental currency in 1778–1779.〔Newman, 2008, pp. 69–73.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Art and engraving on United States banknotes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.